{"id":561,"date":"2015-01-06T22:54:26","date_gmt":"2015-01-06T20:54:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.berndbraun.eu\/?p=561"},"modified":"2022-02-22T21:35:57","modified_gmt":"2022-02-22T19:35:57","slug":"the-decision-making-process-of-obama-concerning-isis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.berndbraun.eu\/se\/the-decision-making-process-of-obama-concerning-isis\/","title":{"rendered":"Obamas beslutsprocess i fr\u00e5ga om ISIS"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-heading\">I. Presidenten och hans r\u00e5dgivare<br><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-heading\">II. Den byr\u00e5kratiska variabeln<br><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-heading\">III. Regerings- och samh\u00e4llsvariabler<br><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-heading\">IV. Det kognitiva tillv\u00e4gag\u00e5ngss\u00e4ttet<br><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-heading\">V. Den systemiska variabeln<br><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:59px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-heading\"> I. Presidenten och hans r\u00e5dgivare <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>          Den verkliga beslutsprocessen \u00e4r i grunden baserad p\u00e5 president Obamas stab, dvs. en liten inre cirkel av r\u00e5dgivare som skapade sina relationer med honom under kampanjen 2008. Det \u00e4r i huvudsak president Obama sj\u00e4lv som beslutar, efter att ha r\u00e5dfr\u00e5gat vissa aspekter inom denna inre cirkel av r\u00e5dgivare. Det \u00e4r i huvudsak den <em>Stabschef <\/em>McDonough en av sina <strong>spindoktorer <\/strong>och <strong>bultar<\/strong>), den som har st\u00f6rst f\u00f6rtroende f\u00f6r talmannen. Sedan kommer S. Rice, den nationella s\u00e4kerhetsr\u00e5dgivaren. Dessa, tillsammans med resten av den inre cirkeln, utg\u00f6r \"<strong>inom gruppen<\/strong>\"Presidentens lojalister \u00e5tnjuter privilegierad tillg\u00e5ng till honom. Resten av de intuitiva r\u00e5dgivarna utg\u00f6r \"<strong>utomst\u00e5ende grupp<\/strong>\"Detta \u00e4r en typisk egenskap hos Obama-administrationen, som lider av Vertical Dyad Linkage (Danserau), eftersom ledaren utvecklar olika relationer med varje struktur. Detta \u00e4r en typisk egenskap hos Obama-administrationen, som lider av Vertical Dyade Linkage (Danserau), eftersom ledaren utvecklar olika relationer med varje struktur. De flesta egenskaperna hos det aktuella fallet tyder dessutom p\u00e5 att en <em>formell struktur<\/em> reglerar de hierarkiska relationerna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>          Beslutsprocessen \u00e4r i sj\u00e4lva verket <strong>st\u00e4ngd <\/strong>i huvudsak till presidentens lojalister, vilket leder till en brist p\u00e5 <strong>brainstorming <\/strong>utanf\u00f6r den egna gruppen. \u00c4ven om det finns olika alternativ p\u00e5 bordet beaktas de inte, och \u00e4ven om m\u00e5len inte uppn\u00e5s ompr\u00f6vas inte strategierna. Obama har inte heller n\u00e5gon i sin inre cirkel av r\u00e5dgivare som skulle kunna spela rollen som <strong>dj\u00e4vulens advokat<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"680\" src=\"https:\/\/www.berndbraun.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/AdobeStock_126580420_Statue-of-Abraham-Lincoln-at-Lincoln-Memorial-Washington-DC-District-of-Columbia-1024x680.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-567\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.berndbraun.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/AdobeStock_126580420_Statue-of-Abraham-Lincoln-at-Lincoln-Memorial-Washington-DC-District-of-Columbia-1024x680.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.berndbraun.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/AdobeStock_126580420_Statue-of-Abraham-Lincoln-at-Lincoln-Memorial-Washington-DC-District-of-Columbia-300x199.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.berndbraun.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/AdobeStock_126580420_Statue-of-Abraham-Lincoln-at-Lincoln-Memorial-Washington-DC-District-of-Columbia-768x510.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.berndbraun.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/AdobeStock_126580420_Statue-of-Abraham-Lincoln-at-Lincoln-Memorial-Washington-DC-District-of-Columbia-1536x1020.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/www.berndbraun.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/AdobeStock_126580420_Statue-of-Abraham-Lincoln-at-Lincoln-Memorial-Washington-DC-District-of-Columbia-2048x1360.jpeg 2048w, https:\/\/www.berndbraun.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/AdobeStock_126580420_Statue-of-Abraham-Lincoln-at-Lincoln-Memorial-Washington-DC-District-of-Columbia-18x12.jpeg 18w, https:\/\/www.berndbraun.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/AdobeStock_126580420_Statue-of-Abraham-Lincoln-at-Lincoln-Memorial-Washington-DC-District-of-Columbia.jpeg 2560w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Staty av Abraham Lincoln vid Lincoln Memorial, Washington DC, District of Columbia<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-heading\">II. Den byr\u00e5kratiska variabeln<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>          Beslutsprocessen pr\u00e4glas av starka klyftor och sp\u00e4nningar mellan civila och milit\u00e4ra sf\u00e4rer, vilket s\u00e4rskilt kan illustreras av skillnaderna mellan f\u00f6rsvarsdepartementet och Vita huset. Den fr\u00e4msta orsaken till dessa sp\u00e4nningar \u00e4r att beslutsprocessen \u00e4r partisk i den meningen att ordf\u00f6randen <strong>saknar f\u00f6rtroende <\/strong>i andra institutionella r\u00e5dgivare, t.ex. f\u00f6rsvarsministern eller utrikesministern. Detta leder till att <strong>Brist p\u00e5 samr\u00e5d.<\/strong>i huvudsak med Pentagon. Trots att f\u00f6rsvarsdepartementet har en annan syn p\u00e5 den strategi som kr\u00e4vs f\u00f6r att bek\u00e4mpa ISIS beaktas inte detta, inte ens efter en betydande tidsperiod som k\u00e4nnetecknas av att m\u00e5len f\u00f6r Obamas politik inte har uppn\u00e5tts. Som ett resultat av detta var byr\u00e5kratiska splittringar, som tog sig uttryck i dysfunktioner, en nyckelfaktor som hindrade utarbetandet av en tydlig strategi p\u00e5 l\u00e5ng sikt.<br><br>          En positiv faktor \u00e4r dock det faktum att Kerry, Hagel och Dempsey, trots olika \u00e5sikter om den nuvarande strategin, offentligt f\u00f6rs\u00f6kte visa sitt st\u00f6d f\u00f6r Obamas strategi. Det fanns ocks\u00e5 exempel p\u00e5 gott samarbete, till exempel mellan Kerry och Obama i arbetet med att bilda en internationell koalition mot ISIS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.berndbraun.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/AdobeStock_11070385-1024x683.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-568\" width=\"1300\" height=\"500\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-heading\">III. Regerings- och samh\u00e4llsvariabler<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>          The <strong>den allm\u00e4nna opinionen <\/strong>har alltid spelat en viktig roll f\u00f6r Obamas presidentskap. I det aktuella fallet har videofilmerna av halshuggningar av amerikanska journalister haft en massiv inverkan p\u00e5 den allm\u00e4nna opinionen i USA, som ett slags \"<strong>CNN-effekt<\/strong>\"har f\u00f6ljt. Detta har haft stor betydelse f\u00f6r utformningen av strategin, som \u00e4ven i sina fortsatta anpassningar alltid kommer att f\u00f6lja opinionsunders\u00f6kningarna, vilket visar att man v\u00e4grar att skicka trupper p\u00e5 marken (andelen m\u00e4nniskor som vill ha luftangrepp var faktiskt densamma som andelen m\u00e4nniskor som mots\u00e4tter sig att skicka marktrupper). Detta ger kredit \u00e5t <strong>pluralistisk modell<\/strong>.<br><br>          Kongressen \u00e4r l\u00e5ngt ifr\u00e5n en faktor i sig sj\u00e4lv, utan Obama anv\u00e4nder den f\u00f6r sina egna politiska spel. Han ber om dess godk\u00e4nnande n\u00e4r han egentligen inte vill ingripa (eftersom han vet att han inte kommer att f\u00e5 det), och v\u00e4grar att ge det n\u00e4r han vill agera, med h\u00e4nvisning till <em>AUMF <\/em>eller <em>Lagen om krigsbefogenheter<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.berndbraun.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/AdobeStock_100810104_A-dollar-bill-figuring-George-Washington-on-top-of-a-map-of-Syria-1024x683.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-570\" width=\"1300\" height=\"500\"\/><figcaption>En dollarsedel med George Washington p\u00e5 en karta \u00f6ver Syrien.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-heading\">IV. Det kognitiva tillv\u00e4gag\u00e5ngss\u00e4ttet<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>          Rakt in i Rystadts <strong>missuppfattning <\/strong>teorin visar Obamas attityd \u00e4n en g\u00e5ng att presidenten har en farlig tendens att <em>f\u00f6rvr\u00e4nga verkligheten f\u00f6r att anpassa den till sin perceptuella l\u00e4ggning<\/em>, <strong>F\u00f6rsp\u00e4nning <\/strong>och d\u00e4rmed hela beslutsprocessen. Han beskrev faktiskt f\u00f6rst ISIS som ett JV-lag (Junior Varsity team) i media, underskattade hotet och fortsatte att driva sin agenda f\u00f6r att <strong>komfort <\/strong>egen vision av den v\u00e4rld genom vilken \"<em>krigsstr\u00f6mmen avtar<\/em>\". Skydda sin <strong>centrala \u00f6vertygelser<\/strong>Han var emot att skicka trupper till marken f\u00f6r stridsuppdrag och struntade i experternas r\u00e5d genom att permanenta \"<em>tekniker f\u00f6r att minska konsistensen<\/em>\"genom en process av <strong>selektiv tolkning<\/strong> vilket g\u00f6r det m\u00f6jligt f\u00f6r honom att stanna i Lambros <strong>fantasi-cirkel<\/strong> d\u00e4r hans <strong>\u00f6nsket\u00e4nkande<\/strong> verkar allt s\u00e5 verkligt.<br><br>          Dessutom, med en <strong>H\u00f6g kognitiv komplexitet<\/strong>Han ger ocks\u00e5 Herman r\u00e4tt, eftersom det aktuella fallet illustrerar hans sv\u00e5righeter att sj\u00e4lv fatta ett br\u00e5dskande beslut utan att f\u00e5 tillr\u00e4ckligt med information, och det ger honom Duroselle-priset \"<em>F\u00f6rsiktig<\/em>\"beslutsfattare.<br><br>          Den idiosynkratiska analysen av en s\u00e5dan situation understryker s\u00e4rskilt hans <strong>ego<\/strong>som spelar en viktig roll n\u00e4r en beslutsfattare \u00e4r s\u00e5 l\u00e5ngt fr\u00e5n verkligheten, och detta tyder starkt p\u00e5 att de opinionsunders\u00f6kningar som visar p\u00e5 en nedg\u00e5ng i hans popularitet kan ha varit viktiga variabler i det s\u00e4tt p\u00e5 vilket han \"<em>hanterade<\/em>\"krisen. Vi kan ocks\u00e5 konstatera att <strong>stress<\/strong>-relaterade reaktioner kan p\u00e5pekas h\u00e4r. B\u00f6rja med en <strong>F\u00f6rnekande<\/strong>flyttar till <strong>aggression <\/strong>(den <em>H\u00e4stskit*t<\/em> \u00f6gonblicket lyfte fram ett uppenbart ytterligare starkt <strong>brist p\u00e5 emotionell intelligens<\/strong>), f\u00f6r att \u00e4ntligen komma fram till beslutsprocessen. <strong>f\u00f6rlamning <\/strong>som i sig sj\u00e4lvt erk\u00e4nner hans beslutsf\u00f6rm\u00e5ga. I det perspektivet skulle man ocks\u00e5 kunna h\u00e4vda att om man f\u00f6ljer Hermans teori om <strong>Utv\u00e4rdering och bed\u00f6mning av ledare.<\/strong>mannen framst\u00e5r som sj\u00e4lvs\u00e4ker (han anv\u00e4nder ord som \"<em>I<\/em>\", \"<em>mig<\/em>\", \"<em>som \u00f6verbef\u00e4lhavare...<\/em>\", \"<em>min prioritering<\/em>\"f\u00f6rs\u00f6ker ) vid tillk\u00e4nnagivande av gynnsamma och positiva \u00e5tg\u00e4rder, medan han vid negativa tillk\u00e4nnagivanden eller n\u00e4r han avser att h\u00f6ja sig <strong>Gruppens identitet.<\/strong>han spelar lagspelarkortet (\"<em>Vi har ingen strategi.<\/em>\", \"<em>Vi kommer inte att dras in i ett nytt krig.<\/em>\").<br><br>          Men en s\u00e5dan attityd m\u00e5ste f\u00f6rst\u00e5s. <strong>genom Obama sj\u00e4lvt<\/strong>. Som en f\u00f6rsvarare av nationsbyggandet f\u00e5r hans retorik i samband med denna kris honom att m\u00f6ta de <strong>Sm\u00f6r och pistol Dilemma<\/strong> eftersom hans kortsiktiga intressen st\u00e5r i mots\u00e4ttning till de l\u00e5ngsiktiga ambitionerna. Han \u00e4r faktiskt \"<em>mannen som avslutar kriget<\/em>\"Och han t\u00e4nker forts\u00e4tta att vara det. Bakom argumentet om allm\u00e4nhetens krigstr\u00f6tthet d\u00f6ljer sig hans egen ovilja att projicera amerikansk makt. Detta kan kopplas till hans tv\u00e5ngsm\u00e4ssiga vilja att skilja sig fr\u00e5n sin f\u00f6reg\u00e5ngare G.W. Bush, som g\u00e4rna s\u00e5g sig sj\u00e4lv som \"<em>den avg\u00f6rande faktorn<\/em>\"vilket g\u00f6r att han till slut inte fattar n\u00e5got beslut alls. Och \u00e4ven om han gjorde <strong>enkla analogier<\/strong> med Jemen och Afghanistan under beslutsprocessen, kan detta som helhet snarare se ut som en helt omv\u00e4nd analogi fr\u00e5n Bushmodellen, genom att han skrev sin egen identitetsdefinition.<br><br>          Obamas beslutsfattande \u00e4r ocks\u00e5 ofta en reaktion p\u00e5 h\u00e4ndelserna i fallet ISIS. En viss <strong>brist p\u00e5 beslutsamhet<\/strong> har ocks\u00e5 till f\u00f6ljd av detta en <strong>Bristande tydlighet.<\/strong> om de strategiska m\u00e5len. Den best\u00e4mda retoriken st\u00e4mmer ofta inte \u00f6verens med de konkreta \u00e5tg\u00e4rderna och de fastst\u00e4llda m\u00e5len \u00e4r inte <strong>orealistisk <\/strong>med strategin p\u00e5 plats. Han centraliserar beslutsfattandet inom en mycket liten grupp r\u00e5dgivare och \u00e4r ofta <strong>personligen involverad<\/strong>. Hans stil k\u00e4nnetecknas ocks\u00e5 av viljan att kontrollera och hantera alla detaljer, vilket kan illustreras av hans <strong>Mikrof\u00f6rvaltning<\/strong>. Han \u00e4r <strong>inte mottaglig<\/strong> till de andras \u00e5sikter en del av lojalisterna. Slutligen har president Obama en <strong>ett sammanh\u00e4ngande tankesystem <\/strong>domineras av principen om att amerikanska marktrupper inte f\u00e5r delta i stridsuppdrag, vilket leder till en viss typ av <strong>stelhet<\/strong>. Han kan ocks\u00e5 beskrivas som <strong>opportunistisk <\/strong>eftersom han anv\u00e4nder den r\u00e4ttsliga motiveringen f\u00f6r milit\u00e4ra aktioner (som bygger p\u00e5 kongressens godk\u00e4nnande eller inte) enligt sin egen politiska agenda.<br><br>          Enligt Barbers typologi kan Obama n\u00e4r det g\u00e4ller kampen mot ISIS beskrivas som <strong>Negativt aktiv<\/strong> eller <strong>negativ-passiv<\/strong> Ordf\u00f6rande. <strong>Negativ <\/strong>p\u00e5 grund av att han inte \u00e4r entusiastisk \u00f6ver sin skyldighet att ta itu med ISIS, vilket tvingar honom att g\u00e5 emot sin vision om \"<em>Presidenten avslutar krigen<\/em>\". <strong>Aktiv <\/strong>p\u00e5 grund av hans vilja att hantera alla detaljer, \u00e4ven de som r\u00f6r konfliktens operativa karakt\u00e4r, och att <strong>passiv <\/strong>p\u00e5 grund av hans ganska reaktion\u00e4ra inst\u00e4llning till de faror som ISIS utg\u00f6r i st\u00e4llet f\u00f6r att vidta proaktiva \u00e5tg\u00e4rder f\u00f6r att m\u00f6ta hotet.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"714\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.berndbraun.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/dreamstime_l_15414083_Storm-Descends-on-Capitol-Hill-1-714x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-586\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.berndbraun.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/dreamstime_l_15414083_Storm-Descends-on-Capitol-Hill-1-714x1024.jpg 714w, https:\/\/www.berndbraun.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/dreamstime_l_15414083_Storm-Descends-on-Capitol-Hill-1-209x300.jpg 209w, https:\/\/www.berndbraun.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/dreamstime_l_15414083_Storm-Descends-on-Capitol-Hill-1-768x1102.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.berndbraun.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/dreamstime_l_15414083_Storm-Descends-on-Capitol-Hill-1-1070x1536.jpg 1070w, https:\/\/www.berndbraun.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/dreamstime_l_15414083_Storm-Descends-on-Capitol-Hill-1-1427x2048.jpg 1427w, https:\/\/www.berndbraun.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/dreamstime_l_15414083_Storm-Descends-on-Capitol-Hill-1-8x12.jpg 8w, https:\/\/www.berndbraun.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/dreamstime_l_15414083_Storm-Descends-on-Capitol-Hill-1-scaled.jpg 1784w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 714px) 100vw, 714px\" \/><figcaption>Capitol Hill<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-heading\">V. Den systemiska variabeln<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>          Krisen \u00e4r ett hot inte bara f\u00f6r USA, utan ocks\u00e5 f\u00f6r dess rykte och prestige som \"<em>global makt<\/em>\". Dessutom utg\u00f6r ISIS framv\u00e4xt ett \u00e4nnu st\u00f6rre hot mot dess allierade i regionen, som USA m\u00e5ste ge ett trov\u00e4rdigt st\u00f6d till.<br><br>          \u00c4ven om detta nummer skrivs inom ramen f\u00f6r den globala \"<em>kriget mot terrorismen<\/em>\"Man f\u00e5r dock inte gl\u00f6mma att denna prioritering \u00e4r en av flera i ett komplext internationellt sammanhang d\u00e4r USA \u00e4r aktivt och hanterar olika viktiga fr\u00e5gor som Ukraina eller USA:s politik f\u00f6r en ny inriktning mot Asien.<br><br>          Obamas vilja att bilda en internationell koalition f\u00f6r att bek\u00e4mpa ISIS grundar sig p\u00e5 att det viktiga f\u00f6r Obama f\u00f6rst och fr\u00e4mst \u00e4r att <strong>nationsbyggande<\/strong> hemma. D\u00e4rf\u00f6r, <strong>f\u00f6rdelning av b\u00f6rdan<\/strong> \u00e4r en oundviklig del av Obamas strategi. Dessutom m\u00e5ste vi notera att st\u00f6d fr\u00e5n arabstater och privilegiering av inhemska k\u00e4mparorganisationer st\u00e4rker hans \u00f6vertygelse om att \"<em>Vi kan inte g\u00f6ra f\u00f6r irakierna vad de m\u00e5ste g\u00f6ra f\u00f6r sig sj\u00e4lva, och vi kan inte heller ers\u00e4tta de arabiska partnerna n\u00e4r det g\u00e4ller att s\u00e4kra sin region.<\/em>\".<br><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I. The President and his advisors II. The bureaucratic variable III. The governmental and societal variables IV. The cognitive approach V. The systemic variable I. The President and his advisors The real decision-making process is fundamentally based on the President\u00b4s Obama staff, i.e. a small inner circle of advisors who forged their relationships with him [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":564,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"type-darticle":[21],"class_list":["post-561","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politics","type-darticle-analyse"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.4 (Yoast SEO v27.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Bernd Braun - Le processus d\u00e9cisionnel d&#039;Obama concernant ISIS<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.berndbraun.eu\/se\/the-decision-making-process-of-obama-concerning-isis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sv_SE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le processus d\u00e9cisionnel d&#039;Obama concernant ISIS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"I. The President and his advisors II. The bureaucratic variable III. The governmental and societal variables IV. The cognitive approach V. The systemic variable I. 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